Miguel Borrajo: AI, cetacean communication, and the limits of philosophical observation

Tuesday February 25 2025 @11:30 (CET)
Sala B, Edificio de Humanidades, UNED & online

Abstract
My research applies a philosophical approach focused on scientific practice to explore how artificial intelligence and neural networks can investigate the communication among sperm whales. The study centers on the CETI project (CEtacean Translation Initiative), an interdisciplinary initiative that employs advanced AI technologies to study the complex systems of acoustic communication of these marine mammals. I argue that while this project marks a significant advancement, the lack of profound philosophical analysis might restrict the interpretation of the data collected and, as a result, our understanding of these animal interactions. A more integrative and contextual approach is proposed, considering the environmental and social interactions of the sperm whales.

To this end, I compare the observational capabilities of established instruments, such as microscopes, with the interpretation of data via artificial intelligence to ascertain their observational or theoretical nature. Drawing on Ian Hacking’s distinction between observation and theoretical load, I set up comparisons that position the phenomenon of study and scientific practice at the core of the analysis, allowing for an assessment of whether the data retrieved through AI constitutes direct observations or theoretical interpretations. Finally, I conduct a comparative analysis of the data obtained and its interpretation, drawing conclusions about the theoretical or observational nature of the information processed by artificial intelligence, and discuss the implications of these findings in the broader context of cognition and animal communication.

Bio
Miguel Borrajo’s research explores diverse philosophical frameworks, including animal communication and cognition, new technologies, and embodied approaches to the mind. He currently teaches philosophy of science at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and is a member of the METIS group and the Normabiomed project, both affiliated with UNED.